Acute Emergency Conditions & Treatment

Severe conditions that require immediate attention

Treatments

Appendicitis in children – Laparoscopic appendicectomy
Intussusception- initially enema reduction (air/saline/barium), failing this, proceed with laparoscopic reduction
Painful scrotum (torsion of testis, epididimo- orchitis) – assessment and possibly explorative surgery
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis – laparoscopic pyloromyotomy
Abscesses – usually will require drainage of pus and possibly antibiotics
Acute foreskin problems- trauma or paraphimosis (stuck foreskin)
Foreign bodies in oesophagus or upper airway (eg button batteries, coins) – will often require endoscopic removal

Trauma injuries / burns – mostly non-operative, but rarely may require surgery Careful assessment and observation in hospital is crucial
Malrotation and volvulus of bowel – urgent surgery
Bowel obstruction – can sometimes be treated without surgery, failing that may require surgery however this can be done laparoscopically
Meckels diverticulum – surgical excision if presents with symptoms
Bleeding from intestine (heamatemesis, vomiting blood or Per rectal bleeding) – often requires endoscopy
Lumps on necks (thyroglossal cysts, branchial cysts) Cold abscesses

Infections – urinary tracts, penis (balanitis, due to tight foreskin or phimosis)
Intra abdominal infections – abscess, liver abscess, splenic cysts. All may require antibiotics and/or drainage of pus
Acute abdominal pain – mesenteric adenitis, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohns disease or Ulcerative colitis), the vast majority will not require surgery following assessment
Lumps in the abdomen, eg: bile ducts abnormality –choleduochal malformations; abnormalities of the bowel or the blood supply of the bowel, Meckels diverticulum, bowel duplication or mesenteric cysts. Most of these presents with symptoms hence surgical removal is the most probable course of action

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