Merawat kecacatan bayi di Malaysia

Picture of Dr Nada Sudhakaran

Dr Nada Sudhakaran

Paediatric Surgeon & Urologist

Menanti kehadiran cahaya mata sebagai penyeri rumah tangga, sering kita bayangkan kelahiran bayi yang comel dan sempurna. Namun bukan semua bayi dilahirkan sihat dan sempurna kejadiannya.

Ada juga bayi yang lahir dengan bawaan atau kecacatan sejak lahir (kongenital). Jika ini terjadi, pembedahan terpaksa dilakukan pada tubuh si kecil.

Perunding Pembedahan Neonatal dan Pediatrik Pusat Perubatan Prince Court Dr Nada Sudhakaran berkata, ada beberapa penyakit yang memerlukan bayi dibedah, sama ada perlu dilakukan segera atau pada usia tertentu.

Antara jenis kecacatan dialami bayi dan cara merawat:

GASTROCHISIS masalah usus terkeluar dari abdomen.

PEMBEDAHAN lubang kunci.

PEMBEDAHAN artesia dilakukan di bawah lengan.

Atresia

Keadaan tidak ada atau tertutupnya lubang badan normal secara kongenital. Bayi tidak mempunyai lubang di tempat yang seharusnya ada saluran atau rongga tubuh.

Ia berlaku apabila pembentukan esofagus tidak sempurna iaitu gut depan tidak terpisah dengan sempurna. Keadaan ini menyebabkan air susu yang diminum bayi mudah termasuk ke saluran paru-paru, mengakibatkannya terbatuk-batuk.

Atresia boleh berlaku di mana-mana bahagian usus. Satu daripada 3,000 kelahiran berisiko mengalami kecacatan ini dan ia lebih banyak berlaku dalam kalangan bayi lelaki tetapi tidak menunjukkan peratusan ketara berbanding bayi perempuan. Pembedahan akan dijalankan bagi membetulkan saluran berkenaan dengan pembedahan menerusi pusat.

Pembedahan bagi atresia esofagus dijalankan di bawah lengan. Potongan selebar tiga sentimeter itu lebih baik berbanding pembedahan tradisional selebar enam sentimeter yang boleh mengakibatkan otot rosak, tubuh hilang imbangan dan masalah tulang belakang bengkok.

https://www.drnadachildsurgeon.com/ms/resources/what-is-oesophageal-atresia-and-how-to-treat-it-in-malaysia/

Hernia

Penyakit ini juga dikenali angin pasang biasanya dialami bayi atau kanak-kanak lelaki. Ia berlaku apabila otot lemah menyebabkannya terbonjol keluar hingga boleh kelihatan daripada kulit badan.

Ketika bayi dalam kandungan ibu, testis (buah zakar) berada di dalam abdomen dan akan turun dari rongga perut menuju skrotum (kantung kemaluan) pada bulan ketujuh hingga kelapan usia kehamilan.

Abdomen mempunyai banyak lapisan iaitu kulit, lemak dan otot, manakala lapisan dalam sekali adalah membran dipanggil peritonium. Apabila testis turun, ia menarik lapisan membran. Membran ini akan menutup testis.

Bagaimanapun, bagi bayi yang mempunyai masalah, lapisan membran ini tidak menutupi testis dengan sepenuhnya. Pembedahan lubang kunci atau laparoskopi dilakukan dengan membuat tebukan melalui pusat.

https://www.drnadachildsurgeon.com/ms/resources/inguinal-hernias-children-malaysia/

Hydrocoele

Iaitu cecair dari abdomen memasuki testis. Kira-kira tiga peratus kanak-kanak lelaki mengalami masalah ini. Kebiasaannya, kanak-kanak yang mengalami hydrocoele boleh sembuh daripada penyakit itu dalam masa dua tahun tetapi jika tidak sembuh, pembedahan akan dilakukan.

Bayi yang mengalami hydrocoele tidak merasa kesakitan tetapi buah zakarnya membengkak kerana mengandungi takungan air.

Pembedahan bagi merawat masalah ini cuma mengambil masa setengah jam dengan jahitan satu sentimeter bagi menutup lubang saluran kemasukan air.

Kanak-kanak yang menjalani pembedahan boleh menjalankan aktiviti harian seperti biasa sebaik saja selepas pembedahan dan luka akan sembuh sepenuhnya dalam masa tiga atau empat hari.

Undescended testis

Testis yang tidak turun pada kantung kemaluan boleh berhenti di mana-mana bahagian laluan menuju ke kantung kemaluan. Masalah ini dialami kira-kira dua peratus daripada kelahiran bayi lelaki.

Testis mempunyai dua fungsi iaitu membuat hormon testosteron iaitu membuatkan lelaki kuat, berotot, mempunyai misai dan rambut. Biasanya, dalam kebanyakan kes, cuma satu testis yang tidak turun ke kantung kemaluan.

Jika kedua-dua testis tidak turun, masalah lebih besar dihidapi bayi terbabit. Selain itu, testis turut berfungsi membuat sperma. Jika ia tersangkut di mana-mana bahagian laluan ke kantung kemaluan, bayi terbabit akan menghadapi masalah menghasilkan sperma.

Suhu tubuh manusia ialah 37 darjah Celsius manakala suhu di kantung kemaluan adalah kurang daripada 37 darjah Celsius. Suhu yang lebih sejuk itu lebih baik bagi pengeluaran sperma. Pembedahan kecil dilakukan bagi memasukkan kembali testis ke dalam kantung kemaluan.

Lazimnya, testis tersangkut di kawasan inguinal iaitu kawasan di bahagian atas sedikit daripada kantung kemaluan. Sebaik-baiknya pembedahan dilakukan ketika bayi berusia enam bulan. Pembedahan lubang kunci dijalankan bagi mengatasi masalah ini.

https://www.drnadachildsurgeon.com/ms/resources/undescended-testes-cryptorchidism-what-is-it-and-how-to-treat-in-malaysia/

Exomphalos

Masalah usus terkeluar daripada kulit abdomen tetapi ada membran menutupinya iaitu lapisan daripada tali pusat. Masalah ini boleh dikesan lebih awal sejak bayi dalam kandungan menerusi ujian imbasan. Pembedahan dilakukan untuk memasukkan semula usus ke dalam abdomen melalui tebukan di pusat.

Gastroschisis

Masalah usus terkeluar dari kulit abdomen. Ketika dalam kandungan ibu, usus berada di luar tubuh bayi dan menjelang kelahirannya, ia akan memasuki abdomen. Kes ini memerlukan pembedahan segera.

Biasanya doktor akan memasukkan usus yang terkeluar itu ke dalam beg plastik. Kemudian, pembedahan dilakukan untuk memasukkan semula usus berkenaan ke dalam abdomen bayi melalui tebukan di pusat.

Hypospadias

Masalah lubang kencing tidak di tempat sepatutnya dan zakar juga bengkok. Hanya sebelah bahagian zakar disaluti kulit, manakala kebiasaannya di bahagian bawah zakar tiada.

Zakar berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan air kencing dan sebagai alat seks. Jika zakar bengkok, pembedahan akan dilakukan bagi membentuk semula.

Seorang daripada 120 bayi lelaki mengalami masalah ini. Semakin lama, kes berkenaan kian bertambah kerana di dalam makanan harian kita, misalnya ayam dan daging mempunyai kandungan estrogen.

Estrogen iaitu hormon wanita lazimnya disuntik pada haiwan ternakan bagi menggemukkan ia. Jika ibu hamil banyak mengambil makanan mengandungi hormon, kesan estrogen memberi kesan kepada anak lelaki.

Sepuluh tahun lalu, kes ini berlaku dalam kalangan seorang daripada 500 bayi lelaki tetapi kini nisbahnya seorang daripada 120 bayi lelaki. Doktor akan menggunakan lebihan kulit yang ada bagi membentuk semula.

Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai masalah ini tidak boleh berkhatan kerana kulit yang ada sudah digunakan membentuk semula zakar. Apabila pembedahan dilakukan, bayi berkenaan mempunyai zakar yang sudah dikhatan.

https://www.drnadachildsurgeon.com/ms/resources/what-is-hypospadias-and-how-it-can-be-treated-in-malaysia/

Pyloric Stenosis

Keadaan di mana otot di saluran yang terletak di antara hujung perut dengan usus begitu tebal menyebabkan makanan atau susu dari perut tidak boleh memasuki usus kecil. Pembedahan akan dilakukan dengan memotong otot berkenaan bagi membuka laluan. Pembedahan lubang kunci sebesar tiga mililiter yang dijalankan menyebabkan tiada kesan parut.

Congenital lung anomaly

Keadaan di mana bayi lahir dengan paru-paru tidak sempurna iaitu udara boleh masuk ke dalam paru-paru tetapi tidak boleh keluar. Doktor akan membuat pembedahan membuang bahagian paru-paru yang tidak bagus itu.

Bahagian paru-paru yang elok boleh tumbuh semula jika pembedahan dijalankan sebelum bayi berusia dua tahun.

Pembedahan lubang kunci dilakukan bagi merawat masalah ini dengan satu lubang bagi memasukkan kamera manakala dua lubang untuk memasukkan instrumen.

https://www.drnadachildsurgeon.com/ms/resources/what-is-lung-malformation-in-children-causes-symptoms-treatment-in-malaysia/

This article was published on http://khkopi.com.my/merawat-kecacatan-bayi.html

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Dr Nada Sudhakaran

Paediatric Surgeon & Urologist

Paediatric Surgeon

Hospitals

Languages Spoken

Clinics Available

Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur

+603-2296 0419

Assunta Hospital PJ

+603-7872 3000

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Dr Nada Child Surgeon (Kuala Lumpur)Dr Nada Child Surgeon (Kuala Lumpur)4.9 Based on 234 reviews fromSee all reviewsSiti Zolkafli86Siti Zolkafli86 ★★★★★ “I am very satisfied with the service from Dr Nada. The doctor is very professional, explains the condition clearly and in an easy-to-understand way. The consultation was comfortable and not awkward. Highly recommended!nadia novaranadia novara ★★★★★ Pernah bawa anak Operasi hipospadia dengan dokter nada di KL.Dokternya baik, kasih alternatif agar biaya operasi bisa lebih murah gimana. Sangat membantu. Dokternya juga Ramah. Pokoknya oke 👍Aida RamliAida Ramli ★★★★★ Love dr nadarajan. Very good with kids and asnwer all questions we had. Also always abailable if we have any questionssyaqir wahabsyaqir wahab ★★★★★ Doktor yang sangat berpengalaman.shada ikramshada ikram ★★★★★ Glad we came here! Dr Nada provided the correct treatment based on my son’s condition. The explanation was clear, and we have seen good improvement since.Tim TalbotTim Talbot ★★★★★ Excellent from beginning to start. Dr Nada is gentle, clear regarding treatment and genuinely cared for our child - with the end result, a successful and minimally invasive surgery. We couldn't have been happier with the treatment.Thank you so much!Hishiko TVHishiko TV ★★★★★ 很细心,很友善的医生!eddy chineddy chin ★★★★★ Highly recommended. Dr. Nada is very attentive and thorough.Simbar DubeSimbar Dube ★★★★★ My son recently had a keyhole surgery performed by Dr. Nada, and I cannot speak highly enough about the experience.From the very beginning, Dr. Nada was calm, reassuring, and incredibly kind. As a parent, it is naturally stressful when your child needs surgery, but he took the time to explain everything clearly and made sure we felt comfortable and informed throughout the process. His professionalism and confidence immediately built trust.What stood out the most was how he treated my son. Instead of approaching the situation in a purely clinical way, he connected with him on a human level. He spoke to him kindly, made him feel safe, and after the procedure he even gave him a teddy bear. That small gesture meant a lot. It turned what could have been a frightening experience for a child into something much more comforting.The surgery itself went very well, and the care we received from Dr. Nada and the team was excellent. It is clear that he not only has great skill as a surgeon, but also genuine compassion for his patients.I am deeply grateful for the care he provided to my son, and I would highly recommend Dr. Nada to any parent looking for a skilled and caring doctor.esther kah yanesther kah yan ★★★★★ Dr Nada is a very detailed doctor in which he explained all the conditions to me about my baby, before deciding to have surgery. And also he will patiently teach us how to exercise for my baby, for post-surgery recovery purpose. 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The 2 stages surgeries was a success, and all of our follow-up appointments were incredibly smooth and reassuring. Most importantly, the doctor made us feel informed every step of the way. We are so grateful! Thank you very much Dr. Nada and his assistant, Su for the great service.izzaty nizamizzaty nizam ★★★★★ Alhamdulillah consultation dengan Dr Nada sgt membantu. X jadi operate hydrocele. Tengok next year, Harap perubahan lebih baik.Felix HermantoFelix Hermanto ★★★★★ Terima kasih Dokter Nada sudah mengobati hernia dengan sempurnaDokter sangat ramah dan menjelaskan dengan teliti dan jelasTerima kasih juga sudah memperbaiki sunat anak saya dengan baikSiah Yee PingSiah Yee Ping ★★★★★ 这个医生很厉害,很细心👍👍👍Regina LoireRegina Loire ★★★★★ The doctor is very great, my child was lucky to meet Doctor Nada, his hernia was curedSyafa AnnasyaSyafa Annasya ★★★★★ Anak laki2 saya Muhammad Syaqif Alfarizqi 2x melakukan operasi undesensus testis bilateral bersama dr Nada, Best dr 🥰 terimakasi dr 🙏🙏DelbertDelbert ★★★★★ My son (1 year old) has a Hernia and we came from Indonesia for a treatment and doctor suggested an operation.Before the operation, doctor has explained in detail how the operation works and what effects may (very rarely) occur.H+1 After the operation was done my son doesn’t feel pain and can return to normal activitiesThe doctor very friendly and informative. We are so grateful can meet doctor NadaDavid LimDavid Lim ★★★★★ Hi i am from indonesia, my son 1 years old get Hernia inguinal , and got surgery by doctor Nada. Doctor Nada is a best doctor i ever meet , he very patient to explain all the information and process of surgery before the surgery. The surgery is success and my son dont even feel pain at all after the operation, thankyou very much doctorYosie NovianliusYosie Novianlius ★★★★★ We're almost hopeless before meeting Dr. Nada, imagining that our 12-month-old baby might need surgery due to a diagnosis of UDT/retractile testis.However, we found new hope after meeting Dr. Nada. He is very friendly, calming, and took the time to explain everything clearly to us. He even drew diagrams and showed us his article, explaining that our son’s condition does not require surgery and is completely normal.We were extremely relieved.Additionally, our 12-month-old nephew underwent surgery twice with Dr. Nada, and both procedures were a great success.Ashraf MakkiAshraf Makki ★★★★★ I cannot express enough gratitude to Dr. Nadarajan for the exceptional care he provided to my son. He performed a laparoscopic hernia repair with incredible precision and skill.​From the very first consultation, Dr. Nadarajan was professional, patient, and highly reassuring. He took the time to explain the procedure in detail, which put our minds at ease. The surgery was a complete success, thanks to his great expertise in minimally invasive techniques.​What truly sets him apart is his outstanding bedside manner. His follow-up care before and after the surgery was exemplary; and he ensured my son's recovery was on track. We are truly blessed to have found such a brilliant and surgeon. Highly recommendedHelen YaoHelen Yao ★★★★★ Dr. Nada is a very kind and patient doctor. My 10-year-old son went to the emergency department with abdominal pain and had difficulty describing what he was feeling. Dr. Nada was excellent at guiding him to express his pain clearly. We highly recommend Dr. Nada to other parents.Hazwan MustafaHazwan Mustafa ★★★★★ Experienced. Making wise and fast suggestions to us. Thank you Dr.Ben ben baliBen ben bali ★★★★★ Dr Nada's explanation is very clear and answers our questions one by one. He is very Kind and expert, the operation is a success and the child after the operation can walk without feeling too much pain. Thank You Doctor Nada🙏🏻😊👍👍IENA AZLINAIENA AZLINA ★★★★★ Heartfelt thanks to Dr. Nada for his gentle care and reassurance throughout my daughter’s appendix surgery. Your kindness made all the difference. 💖FromDhia Zara Batrisyadzulkifli azizdzulkifli aziz ★★★★★ We went to see Dr Nada due to hernia on my kid but after evaluation it was hydrocele case. The procedure was done in a daycare ward. It was smooth & fast.Dr Nada team were friendly and professional. Thank you Dr for treating my child. Recommended paeds surgeon in Pantai.Siti HadijahSiti Hadijah ★★★★★ Thank you Dr Nada. My baby was born premature at 28 weeks and had been intubated for a long time in the NICU. Before the hernia repair, he was less active, but after the surgery he became so much more cheerful, active, and had a better appetite. The procedure only took about 30–40 minutes, and Dr. Nada was extremely kind and gentle with him. He was actually my second opinion, and I finally felt confident to proceed with the keyhole surgery after meeting him. It was a smooth procedure with less pain and a fast recovery. 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Looking back, I wish we had done this much earlier when my baby was under a month old—it would have made my breastfeeding journey so much smoother.After the release, we immediately noticed a big difference. My baby feeds much better now, drinking milk from the bottle is easier, and swallowing solids has also improved within a few days. I’m also hopeful to see her relatch soon.Thank you, Dr. Nada, for guiding us through this journey and for your genuine care. I highly recommend Dr. Nada and his clinic to any parent considering a tongue tie release for their baby.Siti AnisdaSiti Anisda ★★★★★ Dear Dr. Nada, Dr Chong, Assunta Team and Pantai Team,I and husband just wanted to extend our sincere gratitude for the excellent care you provided during my son's tongue-tie procedure on 23 September 2025. Your professionalism, kindness, and reassuring approach made a world of difference during what could have been a stressful time for us.Thank you for making both my son and us as parents feel comfortable and well taken care of. We truly appreciate your expertise and compassion.♥️♥️♥️Nichole TanNichole Tan ★★★★★ Doctor very good 👍👍👍VIVEK SASHEENDRANVIVEK SASHEENDRAN ★★★★★ I had a very pleasant experience with Dr Nada. Special needs son had an emergency due to an infection In the gut.Direshkumar PadmanathanDireshkumar Padmanathan ★★★★★ Dr. Nada is very good at handling kids and always very helpful. He makes children feel comfortable and explains things clearly to parents. Highly recommended!koduru lokeshkoduru lokesh ★★★★★ Our experience with Dr Nada was excellent, He was the best person person to treat our child. We are always thankful to Dr Nada.Zurina JusohZurina Jusoh ★★★★★ senang berurusan dgn Dr Nada, anak saya berusia 3,4 hari yang baru dilahirkan terpaksa/ wajib buat operation ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA SURGERY.penerangan sebelum dan selepas operation dari Doctor sangat meyakinkan kami.skrg anak sudah berusia 4 tahun. alhamdulillahlah sihat. 👍👍👍terima kasih doc. doc membuat kerja dgn cemerlang💪👌👌Vivian YapVivian Yap ★★★★★ Awesome doctor and he’s super good with kidsjs_loader

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